Common juniper (Juniperus communis Cupressaceae)

Other Names: Juniper, Dwarf Juniper, Malchangel, Prostrate Juniper

Common juniper, an evergreen shrub found across Europe, grows up to 15 meters tall with slow growth. Its blue-black, bean-like berries have been used medicinally since ancient times, believed to protect against plague and treat snake bites. The shrub’s erect branches bear sharp, needle-like leaves, and yellow and blue flowers bloom on male and female plants in April and May.

Parts for Use

Fruits (Juniper Berries)

1. Harvested in autumn from plants at least three years old.
2. Whole fruits are crushed for infusions and decoctions or ground into powders for capsules.
3. Available as tinctures and essential oils.
4. Often combined with diuretic herbs like restharrow (*Ononis*) and woundwort (*Solidago*).

Ingredients

Juniper berries contain 0.5–2% essential oil rich in monoterpenes, along with bitter substances that stimulate digestion, flavonoids, and tannins.

Use in Treatment

Juniper berries stimulate appetite and alleviate bloating and other digestive disorders. Their diuretic and antiseptic properties may support treatment of minor urinary tract problems. The berries have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. Essential oil is used to relieve neuralgia, rheumatism, and tendonitis, while infusions added to baths provide mild relaxation for muscle pain and tendon inflammation. A 1994 study suggested potential use in diabetes management, but this requires medical supervision. Use for diabetes, urinary tract issues, and chronic conditions like rheumatism or neuralgia should be overseen by a healthcare professional due to potential risks.

Cultivation

Common juniper thrives in most soil types, preferring sunny or slightly shaded locations. It can be grown from ripe seeds or autumn cuttings.

Preparation and Dosage

For Internal Use (Urinary Tract Problems, Bloating, Digestive Issues)

1. Decoction (Urinary Tract Problems): Boil 10 g of fruit in 750 ml of water for 20 minutes, strain, and drink 2–3 cups daily.
2. Infusion (Digestive Issues): Steep 0.5–2 g of crushed fruit in a cup of boiling water for 10 minutes, strain, and drink 15 minutes before meals.
3. Tincture (1:5 in 45% alcohol): Add 10–20 drops to a sweetened glass of water and take 3 times daily.

For External Use (Muscle Pain, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Tendonitis)

1. Infusion: Add 100–200 ml to bathwater.
2. Essential Oil: Dilute 3 drops in 10 ml of base oil and massage affected areas 2–3 times daily.

Warnings

1. Consult a healthcare professional before use, especially for diabetes, urinary tract issues, or chronic conditions like rheumatism or neuralgia.
2. Avoid in cases of renal failure.
3. Do not use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
4. May cause allergic skin reactions in sensitive individuals.
5. People with diabetes should consult their doctor before use.
6. Use for more than 6 consecutive weeks or exceeding recommended doses may cause protein or blood in urine, kidney issues, or cardiovascular problems.